𝗛ᵉᵐᵒʳʳʰᵃᵍⁱᶜ 𝗦ᵉᵖᵗⁱᶜᵉᵐⁱᵃ«𝗚ᵘᵘˣ»»✍︎✍︎

⚫𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗥𝗛𝗔𝗚𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗠𝗜𝗔 ⌨︎✍︎✍︎««𝗖ᵘᵈᵘʳᵏᵃ 𝗚ᵘᵘˣᵃ»»

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▪️𝗛emorrhagic 𝗦epticemia is a bacterial disease that mainly affects cattle and water buffalo, and is an important cause of livestock mortality in tropical regions
Hemorrhagic septicemia is caused by certain members of  𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗮 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗽.𝗺𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗮  subsp. a Gram-negative coccobacillus in the family Pasteurellaceae.

🔴𝗖𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗘𝗦
       
  Cattle and water buffaloes are the principal hosts of hemorrhagic septicemia, and it is widely considered that buffaloes are the more susceptible
▪️Radical changes in weather including the advent of monsoons
▪️Debility caused by seasonal levels of low nutrition
▪️The pressure of work (draft animals)
▪️Transmitted by ingestion or inhalation, either during direct contact or via fomites, feed and water
▪️It occurs generally in low-lying areas periodically inundated by rainwater and in areas where irrigation facilities have developed
 

  ⚠︎𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗦

➪The majority of cases in cattle and buffalo are acute with death occurring from 6 to 24 hours

➪ Dullness                      
➪ Reluctance to move
➪ Sudden onset of high fever                           
➪ Salivation and nasal discharge
➪ Edematous swellings are seen in the pharyngeal region and then spread to the ventral cervical region and brisket                                             
➪ Visible mucous membranes are congested, and. Respiratory distress — (dyspnoea, shortness of breath)
➪ Respiratory distress with frothing at the mouth

🔸𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗟

➪ The principal means of prevention is by vaccination
➪ Some drugs used to treat hemorrhagic septicemia include oxytetracycline, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, or sulphaquinoxaline. Antibiotic resistance has been reported in some endemic areas.
➪ In endemic areas the only practical ways to protect animals are by an organized program of vaccination and maintenance of animals in as good a condition as possible
➪ During outbreaks, any animal with a fever should be treated with IV antimicrobials as soon as possible to quickly obtain systemic bactericidal antimicrobial concentrations